Reserve Bank of India
India Currency Rate Knowledge Base
what is the exchange rate of indonesia currency to india rate.? means to get one indonesia currency how much indian rupees i have to pay........ can i find white collar jobs in indonesia.... i have done MBA finance.....
what is currency rate for India for one dollor today.? I mean to say how much is the indian rupee against american one dollor.
What is currency rate for India for one dollor today.? one dollor = ?* Indian rupee
What is the currency/exchange rate in India!? I have not been able to find it anywhere can anyone help me?!
which one will give me higher rate in India (from usd to indian rupees)? US Currency or Travellers cheque? I am travelling to India and want to find out should I carry US currency or travellers cheque so that I get the maximum conversion amount.
Do you know the amount of fake currency in circulation in India? Fake currency is being injected to India at an alarming rate from neighbouring countries and anti-social elements within our country.Do you think this is going to break the back bone of our economy if we donot act more vigourously to stop it?
I am travelling to Colaba Mumbai(Bombay) India,What is the exchange rate of rupees in BLACK MARKET? I am travelling to india at the end of this month.I'll be staying in Colaba Mumbai(Bombay). Is there any good and cheap hotel for someone on budget and whats the exchange rate of their currency in blackmarket since bank rate is not very satisfactory
what is currency rate? can sum 1 tell me wat it is and wat da currency rate is for india
could u tell me the today's value of indian rupee from 1 rand currency in selling rate? i am ramesh from india.i got the job in cape town in south africa.my salary is giving in south africa (rand) ,calculating in selling rate.could u tell me the today's value of indian rupee from 1 rand currency in selling rate.
When and why do countries change from Fixed Currency exchange rate to Freely trading one.? Please read my question in the following context. USD to Indian Rs (INR) exchange rate is approx 1:44 however as per the PPP (Purchasing Power Parity) the real rate is 1:10. This is controleed by Indian govt. However they are working on a 5 year plan to make the Indian currency fully convertible. Does that mean the exchange rate would move towards the real raito ? It might be useful to keep in ming the high projected economy growth rate and the opening up of economy by Indian government. India is opening up its retail and other service industries, which the big investors are eagerly waiting for a long time. Retail alone is expected to be bigger than IT. NYSE has already bought 5% stake in Indian National Stock Exchange and 60 billion dollars is waiting to enter the Indian financial market (mutual funds). Befor ending my this posting, I would really like to thank you for all your time and help to answer my question.
Can I deposit cheque of Bangladesh currency to my account in India? Can a company in Bangladesh pay me (in India) by sending cheque (less than US$ 100 equivalent) in their currency, i.e. Taka. Can I deposit that cheque in by bank account in India and would my account be credited by the INR equvalent at the prevailing exchange rate?
which countries has lower rate in their currency over Malaysian Ringgit? Im Malaysian.I want to choose the city for my next vacation.A cheap but wonderful vacation ;) Rather than Thailand or India please??Thank you.
What is the current price of a liter of unleaded gasoline in India? What is the price of a liter of gasoline in India in local currency. Please supply conversion rate to of local currency to US$.
I am thinking of outsourcing my web designing work to india? But why India, why not Phillipines, why not Sri lanka, why nor Pakistan.........The currency rate there is far less than indian rupee,,,, and work can be obtained cheaply........But am still skeptical about the quality of work offered in destinations other than India.......... Please tell me -- is there any other country where i can outsource my web designing needs.............
would i get good exchange rate in INR if i exchange Travellers cheques (USD) in india? I would like to know which one would fetch more exchange rate ( Travellers Cheques( USD) or Currency Notes (USD)) in India. thanks!
Any idea which website has all the informations about India's GNP from 2004 onwards, inflation rate etc? I need information about India to work on my school project, i need to understand the India market. informations such as - size of GNP and trends, inflation rate, stability of currency and exchange rate, unemployment rate, disposable income, income distribution in the country etc. preferably something more up to date, from 2004 onwards. Hope people who know of any relevant or useful website or have informations about it, give me a helping hand. thank u!
if youre a millionaire in the USA, are you rich in india? If you are considered a millionare in america, are you more rich and well of (high status) in INDIA and PAKISTAN? i figured out the currency exchange rate but i still dont know if that is considered a rich/high status in india and pakistan thanks for the great answers =] more are appreciated
Can anyone explain how a US worker can compete with a worker in India that makes $40 USD per day? ...to do the same job? Factors to compare between countries include; currency exchange rate, work environment safety and standards, prices for food housing and transportation, health benefits, retirement, and cheating on trade agreements. Exactly what power does a US worker have to compete with factors that are beyond his or her control? Mark J (below) Uh, you seem to have overlooked the list of other things companies in the USA pay for besides salaries.
where can I get currency exchange rates of US $ & DEM for INR as on 01.04.1990 to 31.03.1993? currency exchange rates of India for the year 1990 to 1993
What are the parameters which will affect exchange rate between two currencies in the long term? Would like to know how to meanifully forecast exchange rate in between USD and Indian Rupee, both in abosulte terms and in PPT (purchasing power parity), say for next 30 years. I know this is little difficult question but any theoretical suggestions to calculate this would be useful. India is growing at 8% annually and is expected to continue at that pace. Inflation rate is around 5.5% in India.
What do you think of the US corporations drive to outsource tech jobs to India at the expense of US workers? I'm myself techie from India and connected with outsourcing and would like some unbiased opinion on this. To the lay man, outsourcing would conjure up images of phone support workers in night shifts but it's really beyond that. Almost each and every Giant corporation in the US is not only realizing huge profits due to the exchange rate values between the USD and Indian currency Rupee, but outsourcing has brought greater scientific expertise - today many mission critical applications are done cheaply in India but also the quality of service is the reason the US companies are able to be competitive in global market and everyone buys US products - ultimately, it benefits US economy which otherwise would not grow. For example, if you have ever used GE consumer appliance products such as washing machines, refrigerators and ranges - I used to work in one of those "outsourced" units connected with design of the appliances. My argument is it's not about just jobs - it's about INNOVATION It's not a good argument to suggest American workers go unemployed but the key to your survival is to innovate more - American tech workers need to move up the value chain and invest more in original research (no doubt US universities are the best for it) - i.e. spend more time in college and leave the programming jobs to Indians instead of going unemployed. What has happened to American workers today can happen to same Indian workers in say 2025. PRIOR PREPARATION is the key to avoid major shocks in life - luckily, I have started saving for a rainy day.
Importing a used beetle from UK to India? i would like to import a beetle from uk, as they are very cheap there. please let me know how much year old car can be imported? and how much does it cost for importing? (transport cost, custom duty, and everything possible) PLEASE LET ME KNOW? do let me know the currency rate of Pound against IN Rupees also let me know any import agents in mumbai / thane in any
How to know exchange rate for shipping charges ? I send a shipment from UK to India. My shipping company gave me an exchange rate of 78 Rs to 1 Pound. I checked it on www.xe.com and found out that It was 85 Rs to 1 Pound on the selected date. what shal I do. Do shipping companies have their own exchange rate chart ? If its like that, why do we pay CAF (Currency adjustment factor)? Or does shipping companies have to follow the official exchange rate on any day of transaction ? Please help..
What depicts currency rates? i was wondering, in developing countries currency rates of foreign currencies keep changing with the country's economy and the GDP. but usually the US dollar rate remains the same. i know the main reason behind the stable dollar rate is trade. but why are some currencies are very high priced even though they are not very developed? or some currencies are very low rated although they are developed? for eg. Rupee is quite devalued. Sri Lanka, India, Pakistan, Thailand are the countries i can think of right now where Rupee is the currency. i was checking Pakistan's currency rates chart and i read that Kuwait's Dinar in Pakistani Rupee was very expensive and the Japanese Yen is very cheap. its confusing, what actually depicts currency rates? PS. I am not a student. i have graduated long ago, i am asking this to clear my economical concepts, it is not some assignment. so a genuine help would be appreciated. thanks :)
want to make PC to phone calls.From India, Cochin. Explain mode of payment.Indian currency acceptable? I did not find how to make payment to yahoo from Cochin to open account for making PC to phone calls. Also the rate variation from land line to mobile is not seen explained. I want clarification on both.
Will India be a super power by 2020? Please give the reasons for India becoming and not becoming a superpower? i didn't think that india is going to be a superpower by 2020 and the reasons are increasing of population on high increasing rate political instability law and order unemployment lack of advanced defence technology value of indian currency importing more than exporting per ca pita income literacy rate sex ratio no implementation on strategies
rates of mbbs world wide plz send them in indian currency? i want to know rates of mbbs in all countries like india china etc etc plz convert the money in indian currency and tell me....
How is Denmark? My friends are going for stamping process? If we need to Denmark . What should I need to do for processing VISA from India. I am a MCA Post graduate. How are the Jobs for IT software or other. If I go there what type of jobs are avaliable. what is currency rate in rupee of denmark
where i can get penis enlargement pills in india?(kolkata)? hi,can anyone tell me that where i can get penis enlargement pills in india in cheap rate?if possible in kolkata.and also i want to know does this pills works?i want to avoid online purchase.can i get those in cash on delivery or by cheque payment in indian currency?(I AM FROM INDIA-KOLKATA)
In India who decides rates of foreign currencies such as $ or £ or €? better if you tell the procedure they adopt
Why some of the "Third World Nations" have stronger currency compared to "Developing Countries"? Some of the third world nations have a stronger currency than that of developing countries Given the fact that the standard of living, living conditions, GDP and economic growth rates are much lower than then the developing countries like China and India. I am looking for some statistical data and logical reasons to bolster this fact. Some of the third world nations have a stronger currency than that of developing countries Given the fact that the standard of living, living conditions, GDP and economic growth rates are much lower than then the developing countries like China and India. I am looking for some statistical data and logical reasons to bolster this fact.
I'm really feeling the effects of this recession? I'm due to tarvel to India for 5 months late november for a holiday. I have just found out that the currency rate as gone down, instead of the 85 ruppees I would of got before I will only get 79 ruppees. This means I only have 10 000rps (£125) to live per week while traveling. How can anyboby cope with samll amont, I hate this recession.
What's the meaning of economy over heating and how it affects the common man? Specially I am intrested in it's effects on the currency exchange rate and what happens to the stock market. I am from India and wants to take some prventive steps to sfaegaurd my money. Thanks
current Currency exchange rates Rupee vs Thai Bhat? Hi, I am travelling to bangkok , pattaya and Puket for 10 day's form india. I would like to kow following thing's if anyone could help me i would really appreciate it. (1) What is the current Currency exchange rate between Rupee And Thai bhat . (2) From Bangkok airport to bangkok city, its around 30 kms, Which form's of transportation are available. And how much does it cost's. (3)We need a accomadation , Room's should be decent neat and clean, Not too Expensive not very Cheap. Max i can spend every day is about Rs.1,000 Can you suggest me some hotel's . If possible send me some Site names also. (3)In the city which places are of intrest , which is the cheapest mode of transportation. (4) What modes are available for Transportation from bangkok to Pattaya and from Pattaya to Puket. And how much approx will it cost. I will be going in First week of July 2008, what other activities can i do. Please be as descriptive as possible. I would really apprecite it.
computer service rate USA customer..? dear friends, please tell me what charge i should take from USA customer, 1. i got call from USA and they were asking about charges <rate>and our services ,," i told about our computer service and Rate.. 2. rate>> per problem solve 10/-$. ,,and u friends know there every one is taking 85$ hourly base in computer service in USA. and we are taking just 10/-$. u can check currency converter from> USA to INDIA.. http://www.gocurrency.com i am giving very reasonable rate. when we told 10$ that time they were saying.."10/-$ is a not big amount for us we will pay no problem. >>>> we were waiting for reply and they said" ur service rate is very costly according to Indian currency.. in India if we provide any service we are taking charge 400rs < depend upon computer problem> and we offered them any troubleshooting or any help just 10$ for per problem.. better then India work is good...! what u think about this USA customer
NRO Account question and tax(Australia to India)? Hi, I am Permanent Resident of Australia as visa status and citizen of India. And full-year tax purpose resident to ATO Australia. I am planning on opening a NRO account and had a few questions related to it. 1)How to open NRO account from Australia i.e. say how to open new account in “Bank of India”? 2)What will be my source currency to NRO account (i.e. must be Australian dollar or INR) AND What will be my designated (future) currency out from NRO account (i.e. INR or AUD)? 3) Is there a limit on the dollar amount I can transfer from the Australia (AUD) to a NRO account? 4)The source money in Australia comes after tax deduction. So do I have to pay tax in India on interest I earn? If yes than what tax rate in India? (Like for male, I think up to Rs 1 lakh is tax free rate zone in India?) Do I still need to declare this interest earned as income on my Australia tax return. If yes, will I have to pay taxes in both countries? 5) How does the rate of taxation work? If I deposit $1000 in a NRO account for one year, earn $100 (Rs 3800) in interest and pay taxes in India. When I file my return here, do I have to add the $100 as my income and then claim deduction for the tax I have paid in India. Will I be able to deduct all the tax that I have paid in India? Pls reply asap. Thanks.
Transferring money from INR to USD? I have an NRE a/c and NRO a/c in India. All the money in that is tax paid USD I sent to India. I was saving for my kids. Now I need to bring it back to US. Indian laws are fine, they are ready to transfer back. But what are the tax implications in the US? Do I have to pay tax on the money again? What if I convert back the currency rate is different and say I am profiting from the conversion? Is there any limit to how much I can bring etc. Please help ASAP, but only if you know the answer for sure.
Foreign currency forwards purchased in third country? say I want to enter into a forward contract for USD-AUD for a year but I want to execute the contract in a third country, say India. Will the premium I pay on the forward be determined by the relative interest rates in US and Australia or does the Indian interest rate come into play as well. Thanks in advance for your help - if you could give an example, that would be great.
Advantages / Disadvantages of having a (semi) global currency / trade bloc? Hey, well ive got a test in a couple of days so yeah thought id try gain insight into this topic. So say the Asian Pacific Union goes through (asia pacific , Aus , China, U.S , India incl.)... and a singular currency is developed for this union. (Much like a second E.U) what would be the economic implications for countries within this union? So far i have these points .... Positives Increased specialisation as each of the nations can import goods cheaper Less hostility between nations as they are increasingly dependant on each other for trade reasons. Due to increased specialisation; incresed efficiency and overall increased economic output while at the same time decreseing E.U's ability to 'bully' outsider nations. Singular currency makes it easier to compare prices and hence increases competition. AGAINST Asia Pacific Union could result to job losses in developed nations since there are no trade barriers. - Forcing specialisation for counries where it is unwanted? The singular currency would mean low low inflation rates in developed nations as opposed to a very high inflation rate in the developing asian nations. Now, although i will be conducting my own research before my test i thought it may help if i post here; how does the E.U combat this inflation problem? is there a singular interest rate ? or does it fluctuate accross the nations and if they do what happens to the banks with high rates, does all the money get concentrated here? if you could please help answer these questions aswell as add on to my pro's and conn's that would be greatly appreciated thanks...
Can I use my Postbank(Netherlands) Maestro card in India for example in a SBI ATM?? I am interested only in withdrawal of cash from ATMs and where can I find the transanction rates and whats d currency conversion policy??
what is the number one cause of death in india? describe their education system? what is the graduation/literacy rate? what are some traditions? type of music? kind of foods? housing structure? what is the local currency? and Describe the nations economy? this would be very helpful to me..
where can i change a old turkey lirasi in hyderabad ? 1980 s turkey currency ,i want the rate for indian currency and exchange options in hyderabad or india
If India is country of slums, where should it be placed according to Happy Countries Index? USA, UK and Canada also have large slums. Check this list of Happy Planet Index: India 53.0 United Kingdom43.3 Canada39.4 United States30.7 http://www.answers.com/topic/happy-planet-index http://www.happyplanetindex.org/ The Indian rupee has been among the most stable currencies against the US dollar compared to its Asian peers. Relatively low dependence on the US, and a lesser impact of rising global crude prices along with exchange rate controls, have prevented the Indian rupee from appreciating as much against the dollar as many other Asian currencies, said forex analysts. http://www.financialexpress.com/old/fe_archive_full_story.php?content_id=74800 The fifth and the sixth currency systems — managed float and full float — each account for 22 per cent of the world's currencies. Currencies in managed float are more stable than those in full float. The Indian rupee is the world's most famous managed float currency. The US dollar and the British pound are in full float. Currency stability is an issue that these floating systems have to reckon with. Their central banks are not charged with the responsibility of setting the strength. The currency markets set the strength. http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/bline/2007/02/24/stories/2007022400050800.htm Get ready for the Indian rupee - Forex - Futures Magazine http://www.futuresmag.com/Issues/2006/5/Pages/Get-ready-for-the-Indian-rupee.aspx
what should be my income in US to have same standard of living as with rs 3.5lacs/year in india? i mean how much would you require in US a year in $ in places like texas,massachussets or florida (a year) to have same life style as with 3.5 lacs per year in a non metro but developing city like nagpur,chandigarh or bhubaneswar keeping in mind the cost of living and not the currency exchange rates(not 1$=rs 40)for a family of three.i am able to have a decent life where i can afford for the basic requirements(of middle class status) like housing,food,electricity,transport,medical care,clothing,education ..etc.. and some (not much)amusement.i have a good but not extravagant life .how much should i earn to have same standard of living in usa in the places i mentioned
Do you know if all of this actually happened? International conference to drop $ as reserve currency etc? "On Friday, June 5, the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) reported the latest US unemployment statistics for May 2009. The U-3 definition of unemployment, the one most commonly cited, rose to 9.4% while the U-6 unemployment rate rose to 15.9%. Had unemployment rates been computed by the same methodology that the BLS previously used up into the early Clinton administration, the reported unemployment rate would have been more than 20 percent! For the 46th time of the past 48 monthly unemployment reporting dates, the price of gold was clobbered, and in no uncertain terms. The Comex closed with gold at $961.75 and silver at $15.38 that day. On Saturday, June 6, the three-day St. Petersburg International Economic Forum concluded in Russia. Sponsored by Russia, the conference was attended by officials from China, India, Brazil, and a number of other nations, though the US was specifically excluded. During a panel discussing reserve currencies, John Lipsky, the IMF First Deputy Managing Director, dropped a bombshell when he said that it would be possible to take the "revolutionary" step of creating a new global reserve currency to replace the dollar over time. The IMF's Special Drawing Rights could be adapted for use as the new currency. Lipsky said, "There are many, many attractions in the long run to such an outcome ... But this is not a quick, short or easy decision." Such a currency would be issued by an international organization that would be equivalent to a global central bank. According to the IMF, nearly 70 percent of the world's currency reserves are now held in U.S. dollars. This leaves foreign central banks exposed to weakness in the U.S. economy and likely high inflation. Another speaker at this panel, Ousmene Mandeng, the head of Ashmore Investment Management, Ltd., stated, "The largest debtor is very unlikely to dominate any currency arrangement today." http://www.numismaster.com/ta/numis/Article.jsp?ad=article&ArticleId=6767 I haven't seen it anywhere else.
How can you hypocritical British people criticise so-called "Pakis" and blame them for all your ills? I have faced enough name-calling in this country for my religion and beard so here's my defence. I say you spineless British bastards have no RIGHT to prevent sub-continentals from coming to your old country in the light of the following reasons: 1. It is no secret that India's GDP went down from 22.6% of World in the 1700's to 3.8% in 1952 when we kicked out you British from the country Yes, INDIA was the United States of early times in terms of sheer wealth. Britain grew rich only because of exploitation of resources from India. Your f*king forefathers used to buy cotton in India at exploitative rates from poor farmers, make them in machines in Manchester and sell the final product back to Stupid Indian subjects. No doubt, the Pound is the world's most expensive currency today. 2, Britain also grew rich by exploiting Indian farmers to grow Indigo and Opium, the latter being sold to Chinese at exhorbitant prices. When the British fought China, Indian soldiers were USED and killd 3. In both the First and Second World Wars, Indian soldiers formed the bulk of Commonwealth troops in saving the Queen’s arse in fighting terrains from North Africa to the Heart of Europe. Of course, there was SEGREGATION in the armed forces back then. Indian soldiers would bite the bullets and their British Officers would be in the tent, safe and sound. 4. Gold and Diamond mines in South Africa and Rhodesia were developed by solid Indian labourers. So was the sugar plantations in West Indies. The only reason the Suez Canal was built so that you British could loot the sub-continent even more. I am not saying that British did not build railway lines in India, or the telegraph or the postal system, but those instruments simply served the purpose of looting India more and more and draining it so much that it was rendered to the status of a third world country from the richest country in the world. 5. Also, after the second world war, when Hitler screwed your pink arses, people from the subcontinent came here as workers to rebuild your country. Instead of being grateful to us, you have labeled us “Pakis”. The whole summary is: whatever wrongs have been committed by you British in the subcontinent, we Pakis have the heart to forgive you for it: but, you have no right to stop Immigrants from the sub-continent. If you wanted your country to remain forever White, you shouldn’t have stepped out of your caves to piss in India in the first place. There will be more mosques in England – Inshallah.
Travel Costs for round trip India--> Morrocco -->Vietnam--> India? If I need to originate my(Indian) travel from India to Marrakech, Morrocco stay for 2 weeks & then to Hanoi,Vietnam(2 week stay), and back to India,which is the best travel deal.Hence some pertinent questions are: (1) What is the Currency of Morrocco & Vietnam and the eXchange rates (EUR) (2) VISA Costs + local travel + modest daily average living costs in either cities(3) What to plan for contingent costs (4) Precautions. Information & assitance sort from local residents of the respective cities. Merci/Thanks.
IS this Genuine or any kind of scam? is she been cheated or double crossed?please help? HI , I would appreciate genuine answers here and thanks to all who have replied to this in advance My friend who is from India applied for a loan of 5lakhs she was told to deposit 20,000 RS as processing fee and later the person kept on asking her the money for this and that charged like anti terrorist certificate and anti druggist certificate and so on , he said he has sent his diplomat to deliver the cash here in India and that person also took some money and showed some documents as its from RBI for the USD to be converted to INR this is been happening for the last 5 months , now she has landed up with no money and jewelry for a 5 lakh loan she has almost spent 3,70,000 INR Now he is telling he will give her more money to that is 10lakhs give 20,000 INR more, she has refused to give that money for him .he is still in contact through mail and through phone he is from NIGERIA Im just attaching you a copy of the mail he has sent 20/03/2009 Monday-Saturday:7:30am-6:30pm {Processing time}. Sunday:12noon-6:30pm {Processing time}. CAPITALIST INVESTMENT SERVICE #1008 CRAVING AVENUE, CENTRAL AREA MIATAMA ABUJA NIGERIA CERTIFIED,CREDIBLE AND APPROVED BY GOVERNMENT POLICY. TEL: +234-806-710-5305 EMAIL: cyril.capitalpartiners@hotmail.com Attn:Mrs. Sharon Rose, I Mr. Cyril Johnson, the Managing director of CAPITALIST INVESTMENT SERVICE is Offering a loan amount of 5Laks Converted to India Currency 500,000 INR as Loan to the following Benefit airy: Mrs. Sharon Rose . In view to the Application received from you requesting to borrow from my Company. You are requested you give me a call at the receipt of this Loan Terms Computations,for any form of Information you may need. CONDITIONS FOR THE LOAN You must make sure you understand the conditions for this loan you are about to secure from us, before we then proceed to the processing of the loan. 1. The loan must be insured: The insuring of the loan will be done by the lender who is giving out the loan. Therefore the lender will be responsible for the insurance fee. 2. Time of duration: The borrower must pay back at the rate of interest within the stipulated time (years) after cashing the loan. 3. Upfront fee: The Borrower{ Mrs. S Rose }Will be entitled to pay { 20,000INR } for the Loan Admistrative Processing/Approval Fee. The lender will be responsible for:-The Loan Agreement Contract fee, Insurance charges,Tax and the Transfer Cost. 4. Particulars: The borrower must provide either of the following:-A Driver's License, An International passport, Or a valid Identity Card bearing his/ her name. 5. Required Age: The borrower must be above 18 years of age and any age below 18 would be disallowed from this loan offer. We will start up with the loan processing upon if you can provide the Loan Admistrative Processing/Approval Fee,as it is the Governmental policy for this loan to be granted to you. Note that below is the calculated loan terms and repayment schedule: LOAN TERMS & REPAYMENT SCHEDULE *AMOUNT NEEDED:-------------------------- 500,000.00INR *LOAN INTEREST RATE PER YEAR: 5% *DURATION: ---------------------------------- 5 YEARS *MONTHLY LOAN PAYMENT:---------------- -- 10,416.7INR { Monthly Payment } *NUMBER OF PAYMENT:------------------------- 60 Months *GENERAL INTEREST FOR 5 YEARS:------------ 125,000INR FOR 5 YEARS *TOTAL AMOUNT TO BE PAID AFTER 5 YEARS:-- 625,000.00INR If there is anything you will like to add do not fail to bring it to my attention me, our loan program is very direct and flexible. Hence on your agreement with the foregoing terms you are required notify us on how best you would prefer to receive this loan from the options stated below for your review 1. Bank Swift Transfer 2. Courier/Check Hence for us to commence get back to us to inform us the mode at which you want your loan funds to be transfered to you so that we proceed with the next step of the transaction. Do give me a call for voice identification. Warmest Regards. Mr. Cyril Johnson Tell:+234 806 710 5305 Financial Controller/Operations Manager CAPITALIST INVESTMENT SERVICE And now she has no job no money and she has landed up in a huge huge problem, Can anybody find out this guy is real or a scammer, do we need to file a police complaint Please do help me.
Convert Korean Won to Indian Currency in India? Hi friend I am going to India from South Korea. I would like to know how much Korean Won I can carry to India. And can I Convert Korean Won into Indian Currency in India? This time exchange rate is too high, that’s why I don’t want to send money to India via wire transfer or Money Gram. I think, you people can understand my situation. Please suggest me what to do in this circumstances. Regards Rajesh
What is Indias Currency Exchange Rate? I am going to tour India in a few days and I might need to know this
Currency Exchange USD TO CDN.Where can I find the best rate? My bank ripped me off !!!! x-( Check out details!? I will be traveling to India. I wanted to send the money to a friend so that I have it there. My bank suggested that I use their "free" international draft service. I agreed and got the draft made out for 4049$ CDN.I spent the whole year saving up :( (Im a student) Now what they didn't tell me was that they SOLD me the draft, Later I found a bank which could do it for free electronically for me. So, I decided to return the draft. Now, when I went back, they said the RATE had changed and therefore, I will lose 143$ if I sold it now. Moreover, after doing some research, I have found out that they offer MUCH LOWER rates to buy than they sell em at:( That means I'll NEVER get my money back totally. This is ridiculous:( The currency exchange rate b/w CAN and Indian Rupee(INR) is about 40.something and US$ to INR is 50.something...BUT I lose 40,000INR if i just get the 3200 US$ exchanged :'( This is hard earned money:( and thats why it hurts..any suggestions? for places/banks which will offer higher BUYING rates for the US$...in terms of canadian currency? I want my CANADIAN currency BACK without losing out on anything! x-(
On which website can I get live foreign exchange quotes? Its like this. I am planning to go abroad and wish to buy foreign exchange. I don't know who is offering the best rates. Moreover, I am looking to buy different currencies e.g. UAE Dirham, Euro, Swiss Franks and US dollars. On which website in India can I get live quotes for the best rates available for all these, and other, foreign currencies?
Is there any model of mustang been launched in india ? If yes how much is it rated in indian currency
How much is 1kg beef? Hi people. I am doing personal research on world economy, utilities and about this world economic crisis. I'd like to know : How much is 1kg (1kilogramm) beef price in your country, in your city, in your neighborhood supermarket? I am asking about raw beef. Not produced, smoked, canned, cooked etc... You may write the price in your local currency. I will later do relevant currency rate calculation. Oh, if you don't use kg measurement you may use your different local measurement. Later i will try to make recalculation. Please write the the place name, country, and in your currency. For example: 1kg beef = .... US dollar, in New York. OK. I hope you understood my question and how to answer. So How much is 1kg beef in: USA, Germany, Japan, Hongkong, Beijing, Toronto, Denmark, switzerland, Great Britain, Beijing, Russia, Iraq, South Africa, Australia, New Zealend, India .... ? I hope to know it will also be interesting for you. I mean 1 kilogramm beef meat. Meat without bone. Just normal meat, with general fat. For example you may buy this meat to cook at home for spagetty, steak, noodles, soup etc... If you don't use KG you may write the weight measurement in pound lb, or whatever you use. Сколько стойт 1кг говядина? Combien sont le 1kg boeuf ? Wie viel ist 1kg Rindfleisch? Cuánto es la carne de 1kg vaca? Quanto é a vaca?-1kg? :-) Dear people, hehe. Yes i know 1kg is 2.2lbs. I am asking about its price. How much does it cost? How much do you pay to buy 1kg beef meat, for example steak. How much $$ do you pay for 1kg beef meat?
Foreign Currency Exchange? Hi, I am going to India on a holiday. Where do you think I will get better exchange rates? What are some of the places I can do it in Australia? I've heard about Forex, but the rates are too high! What are the rates at Commonwealth bank? Or should I just do that in India? thanks.
dollar to rupee exchange rate and values? An Indian friend gave me 100 rupees a long while back as a gift, and it's been sitting in my wallet for a long time. I've grown curious: if I converted the bill to american currency, how much would that come out to, and roughly what can I get, i.e. what is the real economic value of 100 rupees in India? Could I buy a meal with it? A stick of gum? We're assuming I know how to haggle and I'm not a complete tool of a tourist. Also, since 1 million is a popular number, what could I do with 1 million rupees? Could I live for a year? Could I buy an exotic car? Can someone tell me the prices of various common things ... a car, a computer, a soft drink, a meal, a house, a notebook, a bicycle, a compact disk ... and anything you could think of.
what happens if oil producing nations demand gold instead of american dollars .? WE attack them is what happens .saddam was all set to switch over to euro dollars and thats why the french germans and the rest of europ except britan was against the war .IT would of secured there currency and rate of exchange. IF however they went to gold then europe and america , japan India and china would all suffer for a devalued american dollar .which the world economy is based on .WE have been trading worthless paper for 30 years and the world is tired of the way we run things . BRUTE force to prop up our dollar by forcing the worlds oil producers to accept it or face attack . WE are all going to have to learn to get along or all take up arms in america to support our life-style and that is what worries the world .WE are a grredy people who want more then our fair share and have wasted trillions on war instead of investing in a strong productive nation we have become money changers. WE print and make it and maintain it at all costs . killing and war is the way to maintain $$$$
If the US DOLLAR collapse the biggest loosers will be SAUDI ARABIA,JAPAN,CHINA&INDIA.Do you agree?? The forex resrves will be useless. 1]US dollar is going to collapse by 40% in the coming 20 years. 2]Americans have been living beyond their means.US internal debt is $8.5 trillion i.e $ 28,000 for every American. 3]US has increased its interest rate to 5.5% and further hike is not possible. 4] On March 28,2006 Asian Developement Bank advised members to be ready for collapse of dollar 5]Dollar is akin to a promisory note of a defunct finance company. 6] Iraq's WMD has been partly neutralised but Iran and Venzuela has still got this WMD [by WMD I mean trading oil in other currencies] Information received from article by Henry CK Lieu,Venkatesh and others.
Whether GOI is keeping Dollars as reserve fund with Central Bank of America? Its implications on Rupee value? RBI is keeping Gold as reserves for printing Indian currency. If India is keeping its surplus foreign currency in $ with USA then it is loosing its capital due to depreciation in value of $ vis-a-vis Rupee? Is India facing this situation? Why cann't India invest in purchase of other currencies which have a trend of appreciation in value? Raising CRR or reducing rate of interest on savings is not the right solution as it would result in financial crunch. and dishearten the domestic trade. Why cann't India use surplus foreign exchange to develop or procure items of Infrastructural support? Even if there is deficit financing or fiscial dificit, how is it adverse to our economic interest. USA is consistently using this method in its national economy. With Rupee going strong, why India is accelerating its policy of attaching no controls over valuation of currency when China is deliberately controling Yuan at under-rated value to serve its export policy and is trade surplus state.
Can you help me with some / any of these economic Indices / Statistics please ? I would like economic statistics of the indices given below in a tabular form so that I can make charts on them. What I want is links to daily weekly monthly or quarterly data ( absolute numbers, or percentages or increase decrease over earlier periods ) from 2003 ( or even a lesser period ) Even if there is no historical data available I would like some links from where I can get these numbers starting now. First point – I am Indian, so I am interested in data of India and USA, next all important world indices like Japan, Europe, China, S Korea. Another point – the indices are listed randomly, in no particular order, ignore any indice that does not make sense, – I may have made a mistake ISM non manufacturing index Purchase managers Index Durable Goods orders ( this is a proxy for business inventory ) IMS Manufacturing data Producer Prices Retail sales Factory Orders US Factory activity Factory and home sales sales of new homes sales of existing homes Nationwide House Prices Supply Demand Gap Japanese Industrial production Total Vehicle Sales Consumer confidence index Current situation index Futures expectation component index Employment confidence index Consumer spending index Euro Zone Economic sentiment Supply manufacturing factory index …. unemployment rate non farm payroll citizen unemployment US workers cut Eurozone unemployment Initial Jobless Claims US Continuing Claims US Challenger Job Cuts WORLD INDICES nasdaq dow nikkei hangseng shanghai msci world index msci india index msci em index msci ac pacafic index Nomura's Composite leading index Growth and GDP Wholesale Price Index Consumer Price Index Inflation figure - consolidated Inflation figure - food fy09 provisional average inflation new car sales industrial production Index of Industrial Production - Consolidated Index of Industrial Production - Mining Index of Industrial Production - manufacturing Index of Industrial Production - electricity 10 year bond yield 10 years gilt 10 year g sec yield 1 year g sec yield 91 day Treasury Bills Libor - us uk eur Mibor Fiscal stimulus ( % of GDP ) Credit Supply Federal Funds Rate Money Supply MS1 MS2 MS3 Government Purchases RBI / FED Policy Rate BANK RATE REPO Reverse Repo CRR SLR Agricultural Credit ECB Interest Rates Corporate Earnings growth Construction spending MBA Mortgage Applications EPFR ( this tracks funds flows ) Indicator of NPL Net Performing Assets ( NPA ) Sub BPLR loan Bank purchasing manufacturers index ( the above is a key barometer from 500 cos) US Fed Rate ECB rate Consumer credit India specific (& USA / International where applicable ) Swap Rates Dollar and Other Currencies fiscal deficit imports & exports - % & absolute & yoy oil & non oil import bill net outflow, inflow Overall / quarter balance of payment Defecit Fiscal BOP defecit Current A/c defecit Merchandise trade def Trade def numbers Capital account defecit total reserves Foreign current assets Gold SDR Reserves in IMF External debt FII, DII inflows Mutual Funds
Can you help me with some / any of these economic Indices / Statistics please ? Not All, Any will do? I would like economic statistics of the indices given below in a tabular form so that I can make charts on them. What I want is links to daily weekly monthly or quarterly data ( absolute numbers, or percentages or increase decrease over earlier periods ) from 2003 ( or even a lesser period ) Even if there is no historical data available I would like some links from where I can get these numbers starting now. First point – I am Indian, so I am interested in data of India and USA, next all important world indices like Japan, Europe, China, S Korea. Another point – the indices are listed randomly, in no particular order, ignore any indice that does not make sense, – I may have made a mistake ISM non manufacturing index Purchase managers Index Durable Goods orders ( this is a proxy for business inventory ) IMS Manufacturing data Producer Prices Retail sales Factory Orders US Factory activity Factory and home sales sales of new homes sales of existing homes Nationwide House Prices Supply Demand Gap Japanese Industrial production Total Vehicle Sales Consumer confidence index Current situation index Futures expectation component index Employment confidence index Consumer spending index Euro Zone Economic sentiment Supply manufacturing factory index …. unemployment rate non farm payroll citizen unemployment US workers cut Eurozone unemployment Initial Jobless Claims US Continuing Claims US Challenger Job Cuts WORLD INDICES nasdaq dow nikkei hangseng shanghai msci world index msci india index msci em index msci ac pacafic index Nomura's Composite leading index Growth and GDP Wholesale Price Index Consumer Price Index Inflation figure - consolidated Inflation figure - food fy09 provisional average inflation new car sales industrial production Index of Industrial Production - Consolidated Index of Industrial Production - Mining Index of Industrial Production - manufacturing Index of Industrial Production - electricity 10 year bond yield 10 years gilt 10 year g sec yield 1 year g sec yield 91 day Treasury Bills Libor - us uk eur Mibor Fiscal stimulus ( % of GDP ) Credit Supply Federal Funds Rate Money Supply MS1 MS2 MS3 Government Purchases RBI / FED Policy Rate BANK RATE REPO Reverse Repo CRR SLR Agricultural Credit ECB Interest Rates Corporate Earnings growth Construction spending MBA Mortgage Applications EPFR ( this tracks funds flows ) Indicator of NPL Net Performing Assets ( NPA ) Sub BPLR loan Bank purchasing manufacturers index ( the above is a key barometer from 500 cos) US Fed Rate ECB rate Consumer credit India specific (& USA / International where applicable ) Swap Rates Dollar and Other Currencies fiscal deficit imports & exports - % & absolute & yoy oil & non oil import bill net outflow, inflow Overall / quarter balance of payment Defecit Fiscal BOP defecit Current A/c defecit Merchandise trade def Trade def numbers Capital account defecit total reserves Foreign current assets Gold SDR Reserves in IMF External debt FII, DII inflows Mutual Funds
Lets say I have $5 million dollars to spend on foreign exchange, which 4 currencies should I buy out of these: My aim is to play the part of a currency trader and to trade different curtrencies to increase the value of the currency I am actually holding. I have $5 million USD to spend on the following currencies: (I want to use atleast 4 of them) Euro Pound Sterling Yen Australian Dollar Hong Kong Dollar Franc (Switzerland) Peso (Mexico) Lire (Turkey) Krone (Norway) Rouble (Russia) Rupee (India) Baht (Thailand) I want to make as much money as possible. Which currencies should I buy and why? And when converted back into dollars, how much profit will I make from that currency today. Use todays forex rates March 5th) on this site if needs be: http://www.xe.com/ucc
The Japanese Yen? Japan is one of the most successful economies in the world. Yet, the Japanese Yen (JPY) is an underweight compared to the currencies of India & China. Furhermore the JPY fetches interest rates (Bank deposits) which are meagre. For instance, the JPY attracts 0.15% for a tenure of 366 days in India; as opposed to 4.9% for the USD. I would like to know why this is so. Regards, Vinay
Is there any method wherein online data available can be linked to excel sheet for calculations? we are in forex field. the rates keep changing from min to min. but we operate from india and we require to know the indian value as and when the changes takes place. for instanace INDIAN RS is 45.96 the cross currency of USD VS GBP IS 1.823. THEN indian rupee value of GBP IS 45.96 X 1.823 = 83.785. AS THE VALUE OF GBP CHANGES, WE REQUIRE TO CALCULATE THE INR VALUE. THE WEB HTTP IS ONLINE WITH CHANGES EVERY SECOND OR SO. IS THERE ANY METHOD TO DO THIS. APPRECIATE YOUR HELP.REGARDS
Political leadership or hard worker honest people taking care of family?? In this dreadful election season, many politicians have promised to "lead us into the future." I can hardly think of a worse fate for any society than to be led into the future by the political class of gangsters, marauders, looters, and liars. Even the most honest and well-intended among them are powerless to improve the world in any way except by diminishing rather than increasing their power. Politicians haven't the capacity to lead whole societies anywhere. They are outclassed and outrun by trends in the world economy that are beyond the ability of the political class to control or direct. The market economy—globalized, enormously powerful, breathtaking in scope and breadth—is remaking the world in ways that far surpass any existing political development in the US, from the crafted blather of Congressional hearings on this or that to the mad rush to grab the presidential brass rings. We are living through changes that may appear slow if observed from the point of view of the daily headlines, but which are momentously fast and completely transforming when looked at globally and from the point of view of years and decades into the future. These developments are going to bring about surprising political shifts, profound upsets in rooted cultural assumptions, and an eventual and merciful end to the US imperium. These changes will touch everyone in ways that will be both stunning and glorious for average Americans, and deeply disturbing for the American regime that aspires to unchallenged global hegemony. What is the underlying cause? The unleashing of human energies in nations that have been isolated, regimented, and closed for centuries. China, Malaysia, India, the countries of Latin America, and the new economies of Eastern Europe, among many others, are expanding at as much as twice the rate of American and European markets. This is not only remaking their nations, but the way we perceive the geographical distribution of wealth and power. Over time, and extended far into the future, this trend is going to mean dramatic upheavals in the way Americans perceive their role in the world. Within the institution of trade—whether on the most local level or the global level—we find the key to peace, prosperity, and human flourishing. The people in these emerging countries, confronted with new economic opportunities, are making the fruits of their labors, assisted by investments by US firms, available to American consumers, driving down prices and driving up the quality of everyday goods and services consumed by Americans. This phenomenon has been the saving grace of the US economy for a decade, and, in the future, it will become integral to our very lives. To get a glimpse of the change, take a tour of the local Wal-Mart, the largest company in the world, and take note of the stunning availability of a huge range of consumer goods at very low prices. Note too that such an array would be inconceivable without the work of international trade. From bicycles and electronics to foodstuffs and flowers, we find the shelves dominated by goods that were produced, in part or in whole, by countries outside US borders, and to this we owe the low prices and the quality that accords with US consumer preferences. Now, Wal-Mart isn't on some campaign to become the leading importer; it is only looking to make available to consumers all the things they want at the lowest possible prices. Where they find these goods is outside the US, where we find ever more comparative advantages. Every retailer in the world is taking notice of this fact, studying the case of Wal-Mart to see how and why it so quickly became the dominant player in the world economy. Its example of seeing both the wholesale and retail market as global in scope—all in the interest of consumer service—has taught the entire business class that nationalism and parochialism are losing propositions. The left may continue to rail against this company, and the right may continue to warn of its dangers to local culture and life, but the example is there for all to see. Average people love this company. It is all old-fashioned consumer service combined with a global reach to bring to average people things that improve their lot in life. Wal-Mart may eventually go the way of so many companies, displaced by some other firm that knows how to do it even better. The point is the model from which it is working. It is a global model focused on the individual buyer, and it works its wonders by depending on the voluntary decisions of average people. The nation state as such plays no part in its calculus, and this has proven to be the winning ticket. So it will continue to be. What about the economic impact? Is marketing all these wares to the world a danger? One might be initially alarmed by this, until one considers the savings to the consumer. For every dime saved in consumer prices, one more dime is made available for other pursuits, whether savings, consumption, or investment. It is this fact which is subsidizing American prosperity right now. Far from being a sign that America has lost its edge, it constitutes the world's gift to American consumers. The trade is mutually beneficial, producing winners on all sides, with the only losers being those American producers who can't seem to drive their costs down low enough to compete in the world marketplace. It is because of this, and despite the constant attempts by central banks to inflate the currency, that prices are continuing to fall for consumer goods. People who have noted these trends say that we should panic that there won't be any jobs left for Americans to do. What this forgets is the reality of scarcity in the world, which implies that there are always and everywhere jobs to do because there are always and everywhere unmet needs. Specialization and the division of labor permits Americans to produce most efficiently in a way that is integral to world demand and not waste time and resources in jobs that can be done more cheaply elsewhere. This does indeed mean a change in world patterns of production, but the market will manage the change with minimum disruption, as it has for the last several hundred years. For the developing world, it means something far more dramatic: a nearly complete abandonment of traditional economic pursuits that were imposed on them by virtue of their previous isolation from the capitalist West. The point is not that their economies are free or have been completely unleashed from the chains of the state. The US and Western Europe, in many respects, remain the most free economies. What matters here is the direction of change. Whereas the US and Europe are increasingly controlled, countries such as China, India, Romania, Poland, Thailand, and many others, are far less controlled than they once were. This has unleashed pent-up human energies and made a fantastic difference in the ability of these people to integrate themselves into the worldwide division of labor. This has meant rising incomes, better diets, less starvation, less disease, better sanitation, falling infant mortality, much longer lifespans, and ever more economic opportunities for work and investment. The fate of these economies has two major links to that of American citizens: in their capacity as consumers, they have a strong interest in seeing it continue, and, as investors, many portfolios of US investors are heavily invested in these emerging economies. The quality of life in these distant lands is increasing in ways that would have been unimaginable even a decade ago, with information technologies made available by the private sector coming into the hands of a new generation that relies on cell phones and high-speed web access, where their parents struggled barely to survive. The lifespan in China alone has risen from 25 years to 65 years in the course of a century. It also means more revenue for the governments of these countries, which, if driven to build up militaries to fend off US political influence, could eventually challenge the supremacy of the US in world public affairs. Again, this is nothing to regret. A world dominated by a single superpower is a gravely dangerous place, especially when that power is irresponsibly managed (and, some would say, is managed by maniacs). A decline in the power, might, and influence of the US is not the same thing as a decline in America; quite the opposite. The only real downside is the transition: the US government may increasingly behave like a dying and rabid animal, posing a danger to its random victims. But once you hear the "thud" of the final fall, the world will be more peaceful and prosperous than ever before. In the meantime, political trends in the US will become increasingly irrelevant, despite appearances. Until recently, Americans thought of themselves as a self-contained people with a nationally bound culture and economy that can be conceptualized and managed in the way that civics texts describe. This is on the verge of being impossible. The managerial class of the regime will continue to pose as experts and top-flight managers, but old assumptions about government are being shredded. Trends on this scale reduce the bellowing of politicians for protection to mere peeps. There is a tendency on the part of everyone to judge a historical moment by our own daily affairs and in relation only to the headlines that dominate the news. Economic analysis takes a much broader view to consider the overall impact of billions of people in many lands over a long period of time. It is through examining these trends that we can see that we are entering into a new world of global economic expansion that will rout any attempt to keep it at bay. Now, clearly, this will not occur without periods of crisis, particularly so long as the world is on a dollar standard and governments are still at work bringing calamity wherever they can. Take a look at where and how the products you use every day are made. Therein lies a remarkable story of the genius of entrepreneurship, the capacity for the world economy to manage itself and overcome ten thousand barriers, and the direction we are headed. It is a world in which consumers and producers from all nations can join hands in praise of the networks that draw them together, and against their common enemy: governments that would stand in the way. To understand the world being recreated before us, we must constantly keep this principle in our mind: trade based on ownership is always and everywhere mutually beneficial. Within the institution of trade—whether on the most local level or the global level—we find the key to peace, prosperity, and human flourishing. If we understand this, we have no reason to fear our fate except to the extent that anyone anywhere dares to interfere. If we understand this, we can see why being led into the future by the political class is something we should neither desire nor expect
Is thye political leadership a Myth ?? more cost than benefit ?? Elections? In this dreadful election season, many politicians have promised to "lead us into the future." I can hardly think of a worse fate for any society than to be led into the future by the political class of gangsters, marauders, looters, and liars. Even the most honest and well-intended among them are powerless to improve the world in any way except by diminishing rather than increasing their power. Politicians haven't the capacity to lead whole societies anywhere. They are outclassed and outrun by trends in the world economy that are beyond the ability of the political class to control or direct. The market economy—globalized, enormously powerful, breathtaking in scope and breadth—is remaking the world in ways that far surpass any existing political development in the US, from the crafted blather of Congressional hearings on this or that to the mad rush to grab the presidential brass rings. We are living through changes that may appear slow if observed from the point of view of the daily headlines, but which are momentously fast and completely transforming when looked at globally and from the point of view of years and decades into the future. These developments are going to bring about surprising political shifts, profound upsets in rooted cultural assumptions, and an eventual and merciful end to the US imperium. These changes will touch everyone in ways that will be both stunning and glorious for average Americans, and deeply disturbing for the American regime that aspires to unchallenged global hegemony. What is the underlying cause? The unleashing of human energies in nations that have been isolated, regimented, and closed for centuries. China, Malaysia, India, the countries of Latin America, and the new economies of Eastern Europe, among many others, are expanding at as much as twice the rate of American and European markets. This is not only remaking their nations, but the way we perceive the geographical distribution of wealth and power. Over time, and extended far into the future, this trend is going to mean dramatic upheavals in the way Americans perceive their role in the world. Within the institution of trade—whether on the most local level or the global level—we find the key to peace, prosperity, and human flourishing. The people in these emerging countries, confronted with new economic opportunities, are making the fruits of their labors, assisted by investments by US firms, available to American consumers, driving down prices and driving up the quality of everyday goods and services consumed by Americans. This phenomenon has been the saving grace of the US economy for a decade, and, in the future, it will become integral to our very lives. To get a glimpse of the change, take a tour of the local Wal-Mart, the largest company in the world, and take note of the stunning availability of a huge range of consumer goods at very low prices. Note too that such an array would be inconceivable without the work of international trade. From bicycles and electronics to foodstuffs and flowers, we find the shelves dominated by goods that were produced, in part or in whole, by countries outside US borders, and to this we owe the low prices and the quality that accords with US consumer preferences. Now, Wal-Mart isn't on some campaign to become the leading importer; it is only looking to make available to consumers all the things they want at the lowest possible prices. Where they find these goods is outside the US, where we find ever more comparative advantages. Every retailer in the world is taking notice of this fact, studying the case of Wal-Mart to see how and why it so quickly became the dominant player in the world economy. Its example of seeing both the wholesale and retail market as global in scope—all in the interest of consumer service—has taught the entire business class that nationalism and parochialism are losing propositions. The left may continue to rail against this company, and the right may continue to warn of its dangers to local culture and life, but the example is there for all to see. Average people love this company. It is all old-fashioned consumer service combined with a global reach to bring to average people things that improve their lot in life. Wal-Mart may eventually go the way of so many companies, displaced by some other firm that knows how to do it even better. The point is the model from which it is working. It is a global model focused on the individual buyer, and it works its wonders by depending on the voluntary decisions of average people. The nation state as such plays no part in its calculus, and this has proven to be the winning ticket. So it will continue to be. What about the economic impact? Is marketing all these wares to the world a danger? One might be initially alarmed by this, until one considers the savings to the consumer. For every dime saved in consumer prices, one more dime is made available for other pursuits, whether savings, consumption, or investment. It is this fact which is subsidizing American prosperity right now. Far from being a sign that America has lost its edge, it constitutes the world's gift to American consumers. The trade is mutually beneficial, producing winners on all sides, with the only losers being those American producers who can't seem to drive their costs down low enough to compete in the world marketplace. It is because of this, and despite the constant attempts by central banks to inflate the currency, that prices are continuing to fall for consumer goods. People who have noted these trends say that we should panic that there won't be any jobs left for Americans to do. What this forgets is the reality of scarcity in the world, which implies that there are always and everywhere jobs to do because there are always and everywhere unmet needs. Specialization and the division of labor permits Americans to produce most efficiently in a way that is integral to world demand and not waste time and resources in jobs that can be done more cheaply elsewhere. This does indeed mean a change in world patterns of production, but the market will manage the change with minimum disruption, as it has for the last several hundred years. For the developing world, it means something far more dramatic: a nearly complete abandonment of traditional economic pursuits that were imposed on them by virtue of their previous isolation from the capitalist West. The point is not that their economies are free or have been completely unleashed from the chains of the state. The US and Western Europe, in many respects, remain the most free economies. What matters here is the direction of change. Whereas the US and Europe are increasingly controlled, countries such as China, India, Romania, Poland, Thailand, and many others, are far less controlled than they once were. This has unleashed pent-up human energies and made a fantastic difference in the ability of these people to integrate themselves into the worldwide division of labor. This has meant rising incomes, better diets, less starvation, less disease, better sanitation, falling infant mortality, much longer lifespans, and ever more economic opportunities for work and investment. The fate of these economies has two major links to that of American citizens: in their capacity as consumers, they have a strong interest in seeing it continue, and, as investors, many portfolios of US investors are heavily invested in these emerging economies. The quality of life in these distant lands is increasing in ways that would have been unimaginable even a decade ago, with information technologies made available by the private sector coming into the hands of a new generation that relies on cell phones and high-speed web access, where their parents struggled barely to survive. The lifespan in China alone has risen from 25 years to 65 years in the course of a century. It also means more revenue for the governments of these countries, which, if driven to build up militaries to fend off US political influence, could eventually challenge the supremacy of the US in world public affairs. Again, this is nothing to regret. A world dominated by a single superpower is a gravely dangerous place, especially when that power is irresponsibly managed (and, some would say, is managed by maniacs). A decline in the power, might, and influence of the US is not the same thing as a decline in America; quite the opposite. The only real downside is the transition: the US government may increasingly behave like a dying and rabid animal, posing a danger to its random victims. But once you hear the "thud" of the final fall, the world will be more peaceful and prosperous than ever before. In the meantime, political trends in the US will become increasingly irrelevant, despite appearances. Until recently, Americans thought of themselves as a self-contained people with a nationally bound culture and economy that can be conceptualized and managed in the way that civics texts describe. This is on the verge of being impossible. The managerial class of the regime will continue to pose as experts and top-flight managers, but old assumptions about government are being shredded. Trends on this scale reduce the bellowing of politicians for protection to mere peeps. There is a tendency on the part of everyone to judge a historical moment by our own daily affairs and in relation only to the headlines that dominate the news. Economic analysis takes a much broader view to consider the overall impact of billions of people in many lands over a long period of time. It is through examining these trends that we can see that we are entering into a new world of global economic expansion that will rout any attempt to keep it at bay. Now, clearly, this will not occur without periods of crisis, particularly so long as the world is on a dollar standard and governments are still at work bringing calamity wherever they can. Take a look at where and how the products you use every day are made. Therein lies a remarkable story of the genius of entrepreneurship, the capacity for the world economy to manage itself and overcome ten thousand barriers, and the direction we are headed. It is a world in which consumers and producers from all nations can join hands in praise of the networks that draw them together, and against their common enemy: governments that would stand in the way. To understand the world being recreated before us, we must constantly keep this principle in our mind: trade based on ownership is always and everywhere mutually beneficial. Within the institution of trade—whether on the most local level or the global level—we find the key to peace, prosperity, and human flourishing. If we understand this, we have no reason to fear our fate except to the extent that anyone anywhere dares to interfere. If we understand this, we can see why being led into the future by the political class is something we should neither desire nor expect.
Have you play : Second Life ? Economy ? The Coming Second Life Business Cycle By Matthew Beller Posted on 8/2/2007 | Subscribe or Tell Others | Matthew Beller's Second Life avatar, designed to resemble Ludwig von Mises Ludwig von Mises once wrote that an economist "must be conversant with mathematics, physics, biology, history, and jurisprudence, lest he confuse the tasks and the methods of the theory of human action with the tasks and the methods of any of these other branches of knowledge." In modern times, with the increasing popularity of computer-based interactive virtual worlds, it may soon be necessary for economists to familiarize themselves with the intricacies of virtual reality, lest they confuse the tasks and the methods of real-world economics with those that apply to virtual reality. Some economists might dismiss virtual worlds as an application for economics, given that they do not contain any resources that are traditionally considered scarce (lumber, steel, oil, etc.), but a closer inspection reveals that some virtual worlds contain real market economies complete with scarce resources, property rights, entrepreneurship, and exchange. Furthermore, real people underlie the inhabitants of virtual worlds, so we can therefore analyze their economies using Austrian economics and the science of human action. One virtual world that is currently popular is called Second Life. Second Life was created by the San Francisco-based company Linden Research, Inc. and opened in 2003. It is an Internet-based three-dimensional virtual world where its 8 million unique residents can interact with one another.[1] Residents can create virtual clothing, hairdos, houses, airplanes, concert halls, video games, and endless other items by using an infinite supply of "primitives," which are atomistic objects that can be shaped, colored, combined, and programmed to behave in a particular way. Residents can then replicate their creations and sell the copies to one another at whatever price they set. Second Life has attracted attention from Wired Magazine, The Economist, and other media with stories of a burgeoning economy and entrepreneurs earning their sole incomes by selling virtual goods and services. Accordingly, real-world economists and Second Life's residents alike could benefit from a closer look into the actual workings of its economy, and the effects of economic intervention. Second Life's economy could reasonably be compared to that of a small foreign country dependent on tourism. Consumers are inhabitants of the real world who take what are essentially pleasure trips to Second Life, perhaps to meet new people at a dance club, shop for virtual clothing, attend a conference, or gamble at a casino. Like real tourists, consumers exchange their real US dollars for Second Life's currency, the Linden Dollar (L$), typically on a currency exchange run by Linden, called the LindeX. They then use their L$ to purchase goods and services created by other Second Life residents, and if they have extra L$ when they're done, they can sell their L$ for US$ on the LindeX. Linden, essentially representing the state in Second Life's economy, does not generally interfere with economic activity. The Economist reports on Linden founder Philip Rosedale's attitude toward intervention, "Mr. Rosedale prefers to rule Second Life with Adam Smith's 'invisible hand' only. To him that means treating every resident the same, whether it happens to be Toyota or 'an 80-year-old woman from India.' Both will pay the same price for their [virtual land]; what they do with it is up to them." Proponents of private property and non-intervention would certainly laud such a hands-off policy. If Linden's goal is to create a setting for a stable, growing economy that will provide the most satisfaction to the most residents, it must avoid the pitfalls of interventionism that plague real-world economies. As Ludwig von Mises and others have shown, one interventionist policy creates distortions that must be fixed by other interventionist policies, which lead to problems that require further intervention, and so on, until the state controls every aspect of the economy. Unfortunately, despite Mr. Rosedale's free-market rhetoric, a look at Linden's actual practices reveals that it has already started down the path of intervening in the economy. One critical example of Linden's intervention is that it has granted itself the ability to manipulate the single-most important commodity in any economy: money. In the Terms of Service, the L$ is defined as "a limited license right available for purchase or free distribution at Linden Lab's discretion, and is not redeemable for monetary value from Linden Lab." By defining the L$ in such a way, Linden has granted itself the power of a central bank in managing Second Life's equivalent of a fiat currency. Linden can create as many new L$ as it wants, whenever it wants, and spend them or give them away at its own discretion. Also, because Linden maintains a peg of about L$270=US$1 on the LindeX, it gives the appearance that the L$ is as good as real-world money. Fiat currencies are subject to much criticism, particularly by Austrians. However, they are not criticized because they cause undesirable economic distortions in and of themselves. Rather, they are criticized because, unlike commodity monies such as gold, they can be created from nothing, so are highly susceptible to artificial expansion and manipulation. This expansion, as the Austrian theory of the business cycle shows us, is the source of economic distortions that lead to unsustainable booms, followed by inevitable busts. To establish whether Linden has in fact been manipulating the L$ supply and determine if Second Life is susceptible to bust, we can examine historical economic statistics published by Linden for signs of artificial growth in the L$ supply. The graph below shows Second Life's L$ supply since September of 2005, as well as the two consolidated sources of month-to-month changes in the money supply. Your eye might be drawn to the sudden acceleration in L$ growth at the end of 2006 coincident with a significant increase in LindeX sales (where Linden is creating new L$ and selling them for US$), but that is not necessarily a bad thing. Ignoring the problems with the US$, LindeX sales represent inflows of real wealth into Second Life. When residents purchase L$ on the LindeX using US$ that they have earned in the real world, they are foregoing consumption in the real world in order to spend or invest their newly purchased L$ in Second Life. It is actually the small, perpetual budget deficit that reveals something quite sinister. Unlike L$ sales on the LindeX, they do not reflect a flow of real wealth into Second Life. Instead, they are created by Linden to represent wealth, but no economic production was involved in creating them. These deficits occur when the weekly L$ stipends Linden pays to premium residents exceed its revenues from land rentals and other administrative services it provides to residents. In order to fund the deficits, Linden creates new L$ and injects them into Second Life. In the United States, the Federal Reserve's primary mechanism for increasing the US$ supply involves purchasing debt securities issued by the US Treasury. Linden's process slightly differs in that it creates exactly as many L$ as are needed to make up for its budgetary shortfalls without ever issuing any debt. Every time Linden runs a deficit, the L$ supply instantly increases by an equivalent amount. Linden's monthly budget deficit might appear insignificant in the graph, but in fact Linden has been increasing the money supply by an average of 6% per month this way. Annualized, it is more than doubling it each year. During the past year and a half, Linden created L$876 million through its deficits, which makes up over 33% of today's L$ supply. These figures certainly suggest that Linden has been artificially expanding the L$ supply, but there is one possible argument that would indicate otherwise. Premium members who receive weekly L$ stipends pay Linden US$9.95 per month for that privilege. One could argue that this US$9.95 represents an inflow of real wealth into Second Life to make up for the L$ created through deficits, but this argument is tenuous. These US$ revenues are presumably used by Linden to pay its employees, maintain its servers, and pay other operating and financing costs, with the remaining profit or loss passed on to its shareholders. Unfortunately, as the graph below shows, there have been months when Linden's US$ revenues would not have been enough to cover the new L$ creations. In September of 2005, Linden collected as much as US$98,000[2] from premium members, which is equivalent to about L$26 million at the L$'s current exchange rate. But during that month, it created L$36 million in order to fund its fiscal deficit. That means that even if Linden had not allocated a single US$ to its employees or incurred any real-world costs whatsoever, it still would not have collected enough US$ to match its newly created L$. $25 "Second Life's residents could benefit from a closer look into the actual workings of its economy, and the effects of economic intervention." Given the strong evidence that Linden has unnaturally inflated the L$ supply, Austrian economics tells us that there are a couple of potential outcomes that are likely to occur. In the first, Linden will stop running significant deficits at some point. With less L$ available to spend, residents will demand fewer goods and services, leading to lower prices and reduced profits. Previously profitable enterprises will go out of business and the wealth of many residents will decrease, slowing overall economic activity. The other possibility is that Linden will continue running deficits to the point that a sufficient number of residents and speculators will recognize the L$'s frailty. In what Ludwig von Mises referred to as a "crack-up boom," everyone will scramble to redeem his L$ for "real goods," which, in the case of Second Life, is probably the US$. As more and more people sell their L$ on the LindeX, Linden might choose to maintain its L$270=US$1 peg for some amount of time, but operating under the assumption that it has not maintained 100% US$ reserves, it will eventually run out of US$ or decide to stop selling them, and the L$ will depreciate rapidly. In either outcome, residents will discover that they possess less wealth than they perceived they had during the time leading up to the crash. To summarize, it appears very likely that Second Life will experience at least some form of economic recession. Depending on its severity, it might result in Linden's losing many of its customers. If Linden wants to prevent this from happening and foster a stable, growing economy within Second Life, it should apply the lessons of Austrian economics to its policies: abolish restrictions on content, strengthen the ability of residents to enforce their property rights, and, most important, tie the L$ to a real-world commodity money backed by 100% reserves. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Matthew Beller is a former employee of the Federal Reserve Board of Governors and currently works for the Securities and Exchange Commission in Los Angeles. Send him mail. Comment on the blog. The Securities and Exchange Commission disclaims responsibility for any private publication or statement of any SEC employee or Commissioner. This article expresses the author's views and does not necessarily reflect those of the Commission, the Commissioners, or other members of the staff. Notes [1] SecondLife.com/
Social Studies help please? 1. Which of the following conditions is often found in developing nations? A. high literacy rate B. low birthrate C. low death rate D. high fertility rate 2. The European Union is an example of A. a price-setting organization B. economic and political cooperation C. a humanitarian organization D. an international court 5. The European Union’s objectives include reducing tariffs, promoting a single market, and creating a common currency. Based on these objectives, what type of world region does the European Union primarily represent? A. cultural B. physical C. political D. economic 4. The dispute between India and Pakistan over Kashmir involves A. the struggle for democracy B. oil-rich territory C. religious differences D. Christianity
Can you translate these English paragraphs to Tagalog about UAE??? Introduction Background: Definition Field Listing The Trucial States of the Persian Gulf coast granted the UK control of their defense and foreign affairs in 19th century treaties. In 1971, six of these states - Abu Zaby, 'Ajman, Al Fujayrah, Ash Shariqah, Dubayy, and Umm al Qaywayn - merged to form the United Arab Emirates (UAE). They were joined in 1972 by Ra's al Khaymah. The UAE's per capita GDP is on par with those of leading West European nations. Its generosity with oil revenues and its moderate foreign policy stance have allowed the UAE to play a vital role in the affairs of the region. Geography Location: Definition Field Listing Middle East, bordering the Gulf of Oman and the Persian Gulf, between Oman and Saudi Arabia Geographic coordinates: Definition Field Listing 24 00 N, 54 00 E Map references: Definition Field Listing Middle East Area: Definition Field Listing Rank Order total: 83,600 sq km land: 83,600 sq km water: 0 sq km Area - comparative: Definition Field Listing slightly smaller than Maine Land boundaries: Definition Field Listing total: 867 km border countries: Oman 410 km, Saudi Arabia 457 km Coastline: Definition Field Listing 1,318 km Maritime claims: Definition Field Listing territorial sea: 12 nm contiguous zone: 24 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm continental shelf: 200 nm or to the edge of the continental margin Climate: Definition Field Listing desert; cooler in eastern mountains Terrain: Definition Field Listing flat, barren coastal plain merging into rolling sand dunes of vast desert wasteland; mountains in east Elevation extremes: Definition Field Listing lowest point: Persian Gulf 0 m highest point: Jabal Yibir 1,527 m Natural resources: Definition Field Listing petroleum, natural gas Land use: Definition Field Listing arable land: 0.77% permanent crops: 2.27% other: 96.96% (2005) Irrigated land: Definition Field Listing 760 sq km (2003) Total renewable water resources: Definition Field Listing 0.2 cu km (1997) Freshwater withdrawal (domestic/industrial/agricultural): Definition Field Listing total: 2.3 cu km/yr (23%/9%/68%) per capita: 511 cu m/yr (2000) Natural hazards: Definition Field Listing frequent sand and dust storms Environment - current issues: Definition Field Listing lack of natural freshwater resources compensated by desalination plants; desertification; beach pollution from oil spills Environment - international agreements: Definition Field Listing party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection signed, but not ratified: Law of the Sea Geography - note: Definition Field Listing strategic location along southern approaches to Strait of Hormuz, a vital transit point for world crude oil Government Country name: Definition Field Listing conventional long form: United Arab Emirates conventional short form: none local long form: Al Imarat al Arabiyah al Muttahidah local short form: none former: Trucial Oman, Trucial States abbreviation: UAE Government type: Definition Field Listing federation with specified powers delegated to the UAE federal government and other powers reserved to member emirates Capital: Definition Field Listing name: Abu Dhabi geographic coordinates: 24 28 N, 54 22 E time difference: UTC+4 (9 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time) Administrative divisions: Definition Field Listing 7 emirates (imarat, singular - imarah); Abu Zaby (Abu Dhabi), 'Ajman, Al Fujayrah, Ash Shariqah (Sharjah), Dubayy (Dubai), Ra's al Khaymah, Umm al Qaywayn (Quwayn) Independence: Definition Field Listing 2 December 1971 (from UK) National holiday: Definition Field Listing Independence Day, 2 December (1971) Constitution: Definition Field Listing 2 December 1971; made permanent in 1996 Legal system: Definition Field Listing based on a dual system of Shari'a and civil courts; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Suffrage: Definition Field Listing none Executive branch: Definition Field Listing chief of state: President KHALIFA bin Zayid al-Nuhayyan (since 3 November 2004), ruler of Abu Zaby (Abu Dhabi) (since 4 November 2004); Vice President and Prime Minister MUHAMMAD bin Rashid al-Maktum (since 5 January 2006) head of government: Prime Minister and Vice President MUHAMMAD bin Rashid al-Maktum (since 5 January 2006); Deputy Prime Ministers SULTAN bin Zayid al-Nuhayyan (since 20 November 1990) and HAMDAN bin Zayid al-Nuhayyan (since 20 October 2003) cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president note: there is also a Federal Supreme Council (FSC) composed of the seven emirate rulers; the FSC is the highest constitutional authority in the UAE; establishes general policies and sanctions federal legislation; meets four times a year; Abu Zaby (Abu Dhabi) and Dubayy (Dubai) rulers have effective veto power elections: president and vice president elected by the FSC for five-year terms (no term limits); election last held 3 November 2004 upon the death of the UAE's Founding Father and first President ZAYID bin Sultan Al Nuhayyan (next to be held in 2009); prime minister and deputy prime minister appointed by the president election results: KHALIFA bin Zayid al-Nuhayyan elected president by a unanimous vote of the FSC; MUHAMMAD bin Rashid al-Maktum unanimously affirmed vice president after the 2006 death of his brother Sheikh Maktum bin Rashid al-Maktum Legislative branch: Definition Field Listing unicameral Federal National Council (FNC) or Majlis al-Ittihad al-Watani (40 seats; 20 members appointed by the rulers of the constituent states, 20 members elected to serve two-year terms) elections: elections for one half of the FNC (the other half remains appointed) held in the UAE on 18-20 December 2006; the new electoral college - a body of 6,689 Emiratis (including 1,189 women) appointed by the rulers of the seven emirates - were the only eligible voters and candidates; 456 candidates including 65 women ran for 20 contested FNC seats; one female from the Emirate of Abu Dhabi won a seat note: reviews legislation but cannot change or veto Judicial branch: Definition Field Listing Union Supreme Court (judges are appointed by the president) Political parties and leaders: Definition Field Listing none Political pressure groups and leaders: Definition Field Listing NA International organization participation: Definition Field Listing ABEDA, AFESD, AMF, FAO, G-77, GCC, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt (signatory), ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, LAS, MIGA, NAM, OAPEC, OIC, OPCW, OPEC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO Diplomatic representation in the US: Definition Field Listing chief of mission: Ambassador (vacant) chancery: 3522 International Court NW, Suite 400, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: [1] (202) 243-2400 FAX: [1] (202) 243-2432 consulate(s): New York, Houston Diplomatic representation from the US: Definition Field Listing chief of mission: Ambassador (vacant); Charge d'Affaires Martin R. QUINN embassy: Embassies District, Plot 38 Sector W59-02, Street No. 4, Abu Dhabi mailing address: P. O. Box 4009, Abu Dhabi telephone: [971] (2) 414-2200 FAX: [971] (2) 414-2603 consulate(s) general: Dubai Flag description: Definition Field Listing three equal horizontal bands of green (top), white, and black with a wider vertical red band on the hoist side Economy United Arab Emirates Top of Page Economy - overview: Definition Field Listing The UAE has an open economy with a high per capita income and a sizable annual trade surplus. Despite largely successful efforts at economic diversification, nearly 40% of GDP is still directly based on oil and gas output. Since the discovery of oil in the UAE more than 30 years ago, the UAE has undergone a profound transformation from an impoverished region of small desert principalities to a modern state with a high standard of living. The government has increased spending on job creation and infrastructure expansion and is opening up utilities to greater private sector involvement. In April 2004, the UAE signed a Trade and Investment Framework Agreement with Washington and in November 2004 agreed to undertake negotiations toward a Free Trade Agreement with the US. The country's Free Trade Zones - offering 100% foreign ownership and zero taxes - are helping to attract foreign investors. Higher oil revenue, strong liquidity, housing shortages, and cheap credit in 2005-07 led to a surge in asset prices (shares and real estate) and consumer inflation. Rising prices are increasing the operating costs for businesses in the UAE and adversely impacting government employees and others on fixed incomes. Dependence on oil and a large expatriate workforce are significant long-term challenges. The UAE's strategic plan for the next few years focuses on diversification and creating more opportunities for nationals through improved education and increased private sector employment. GDP (purchasing power parity): Definition Field Listing Rank Order $167.3 billion (2007 est.) GDP (official exchange rate): Definition Field Listing $192.6 billion (2007 est.) GDP - real growth rate: Definition Field Listing Rank Order 7.4% (2007 est.) GDP - per capita (PPP): Definition Field Listing Rank Order $37,300 (2007 est.) GDP - composition by sector: Definition Field Listing agriculture: 1.8% industry: 59.3% services: 38.9% (2007 est.) Labor force: Definition Field Listing Rank Order 3.065 million (2007 est.) Labor force - by occupation: Definition Field Listing agriculture: 7% industry: 15% services: 78% (2000 est.) Unemployment rate: Definition Field Listing Rank Order 2.4% (2001) Population below poverty line: Definition Field Listing 19.5% (2003) Household income or consumption by percentage share: Definition Field Listing lowest 10%: NA% highest 10%: NA% Inflation rate (consumer prices): Definition Field Listing Rank Order 11% (2007 est.) Investment (gross fixed): Definition Field Listing Rank Order 21.8% of GDP (2007 est.) Budget: Definition Field Listing revenues: $58.88 billion expenditures: $38.06 billion (2007 est.) Public debt: Definition Field Listing Rank Order 22.9% of GDP (2007 est.) Agriculture - products: Definition Field Listing dates, vegetables, watermelons; poultry, eggs, dairy products; fish Industries: Definition Field Listing petroleum and petrochemicals; fishing, aluminum, cement, fertilizers, commercial ship repair, construction materials, some boat building, handicrafts, textiles Industrial production growth rate: Definition Field Listing Rank Order 4.3% (2007 est.) Electricity - production: Definition Field Listing Rank Order 57.06 billion kWh (2005) Electricity - consumption: Definition Field Listing Rank Order 52.62 billion kWh (2005) Electricity - exports: Definition Field Listing 0 kWh (2005) Electricity - imports: Definition Field Listing 0 kWh (2005) Oil - production: Definition Field Listing Rank Order 2.54 million bbl/day (2006 est.) Oil - consumption: Definition Field Listing Rank Order 372,000 bbl/day (2005 est.) Oil - exports: Definition Field Listing Rank Order 2.54 million bbl/day (2004 est.) Oil - imports: Definition Field Listing Rank Order 137,200 bbl/day (2004) Oil - proved reserves: Definition Field Listing Rank Order 97.8 billion bbl (2007 est.) Natural gas - production: Definition Field Listing Rank Order 45.07 billion cu m (2005 est.) Natural gas - consumption: Definition Field Listing Rank Order 39.56 billion cu m (2005 est.) Natural gas - exports: Definition Field Listing Rank Order 6.848 billion cu m (2005 est.) Natural gas - imports: Definition Field Listing Rank Order 1.343 billion cu m (2005) Natural gas - proved reserves: Definition Field Listing Rank Order 5.823 trillion cu m (1 January 2006 est.) Current account balance: Definition Field Listing Rank Order $41.67 billion (2007 est.) Exports: Definition Field Listing Rank Order $156.6 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.) Exports - commodities: Definition Field Listing crude oil 45%, natural gas, reexports, dried fish, dates Exports - partners: Definition Field Listing Japan 23.4%, South Korea 10.3%, Thailand 5%, India 4.8% (2006) Imports: Definition Field Listing Rank Order $101.6 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.) Imports - commodities: Definition Field Listing machinery and transport equipment, chemicals, food Imports - partners: Definition Field Listing China 13.1%, India 10.2%, US 8.9%, Japan 6.2%, Germany 6.1%, Italy 4.7% (2006) Economic aid - donor: Definition Field Listing since its founding in 1971, the Abu Dhabi Fund for Development has given about $5.2 billion in aid to 56 countries (2004) Economic aid - recipient: Definition Field Listing $5.36 million (2004) Reserves of foreign exchange and gold: Definition Field Listing Rank Order $76.62 billion (31 December 2007 est.) Debt - external: Definition Field Listing Rank Order $57.52 billion (31 December 2007 est.) Stock of direct foreign investment - at home: Definition Field Listing Rank Order $44.37 billion (2007 est.) Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad: Definition Field Listing Rank Order $14.14 billion (2007 est.) Market value of publicly traded shares: Definition Field Listing Rank Order $138.5 billion (2006) Currency (code): Definition Field Listing Emirati dirham (AED) Exchange rates: Definition Field Listing Emirati dirhams per US dollar - 3.673 (2007), 3.673 (2006), 3.6725 (2005), 3.6725 (2004), 3.6725 (2003) note: officially pegged to the US dollar since February 2002 Fiscal year: Definition Field Listing calendar year Transnational Issues Disputes - international: Definition Field Listing boundary agreement was signed and ratified with Oman in 2003 for entire border, including Oman's Musandam Peninsula and Al Madhah enclaves, but contents of the agreement and detailed maps showing the alignment have not been published; Iran and UAE dispute Tunb Islands and Abu Musa Island, which Iran occupies Illicit drugs: Definition Field Listing the UAE is a drug transshipment point for traffickers given its proximity to Southwest Asian drug-producing countries; the UAE's position as a major financial center makes it vulnerable to money laundering; anti-money-laundering controls improving, but informal banking remains unregulated
Is political Leadership a Myth ? In this dreadful election season, many politicians have promised to "lead us into the future." I can hardly think of a worse fate for any society than to be led into the future by the political class of gangsters, marauders, looters, and liars. Even the most honest and well-intended among them are powerless to improve the world in any way except by diminishing rather than increasing their power. Politicians haven't the capacity to lead whole societies anywhere. They are outclassed and outrun by trends in the world economy that are beyond the ability of the political class to control or direct. The market economy—globalized, enormously powerful, breathtaking in scope and breadth—is remaking the world in ways that far surpass any existing political development in the US, from the crafted blather of Congressional hearings on this or that to the mad rush to grab the presidential brass rings. We are living through changes that may appear slow if observed from the point of view of the daily headlines, but which are momentously fast and completely transforming when looked at globally and from the point of view of years and decades into the future. These developments are going to bring about surprising political shifts, profound upsets in rooted cultural assumptions, and an eventual and merciful end to the US imperium. These changes will touch everyone in ways that will be both stunning and glorious for average Americans, and deeply disturbing for the American regime that aspires to unchallenged global hegemony. What is the underlying cause? The unleashing of human energies in nations that have been isolated, regimented, and closed for centuries. China, Malaysia, India, the countries of Latin America, and the new economies of Eastern Europe, among many others, are expanding at as much as twice the rate of American and European markets. This is not only remaking their nations, but the way we perceive the geographical distribution of wealth and power. Over time, and extended far into the future, this trend is going to mean dramatic upheavals in the way Americans perceive their role in the world. Within the institution of trade—whether on the most local level or the global level—we find the key to peace, prosperity, and human flourishing. The people in these emerging countries, confronted with new economic opportunities, are making the fruits of their labors, assisted by investments by US firms, available to American consumers, driving down prices and driving up the quality of everyday goods and services consumed by Americans. This phenomenon has been the saving grace of the US economy for a decade, and, in the future, it will become integral to our very lives. To get a glimpse of the change, take a tour of the local Wal-Mart, the largest company in the world, and take note of the stunning availability of a huge range of consumer goods at very low prices. Note too that such an array would be inconceivable without the work of international trade. From bicycles and electronics to foodstuffs and flowers, we find the shelves dominated by goods that were produced, in part or in whole, by countries outside US borders, and to this we owe the low prices and the quality that accords with US consumer preferences. Now, Wal-Mart isn't on some campaign to become the leading importer; it is only looking to make available to consumers all the things they want at the lowest possible prices. Where they find these goods is outside the US, where we find ever more comparative advantages. Every retailer in the world is taking notice of this fact, studying the case of Wal-Mart to see how and why it so quickly became the dominant player in the world economy. Its example of seeing both the wholesale and retail market as global in scope—all in the interest of consumer service—has taught the entire business class that nationalism and parochialism are losing propositions. The left may continue to rail against this company, and the right may continue to warn of its dangers to local culture and life, but the example is there for all to see. Average people love this company. It is all old-fashioned consumer service combined with a global reach to bring to average people things that improve their lot in life. Wal-Mart may eventually go the way of so many companies, displaced by some other firm that knows how to do it even better. The point is the model from which it is working. It is a global model focused on the individual buyer, and it works its wonders by depending on the voluntary decisions of average people. The nation state as such plays no part in its calculus, and this has proven to be the winning ticket. So it will continue to be. What about the economic impact? Is marketing all these wares to the world a danger? One might be initially alarmed by this, until one considers the savings to the consumer. For every dime saved in consumer prices, one more dime is made available for other pursuits, whether savings, consumption, or investment. It is this fact which is subsidizing American prosperity right now. Far from being a sign that America has lost its edge, it constitutes the world's gift to American consumers. The trade is mutually beneficial, producing winners on all sides, with the only losers being those American producers who can't seem to drive their costs down low enough to compete in the world marketplace. It is because of this, and despite the constant attempts by central banks to inflate the currency, that prices are continuing to fall for consumer goods. People who have noted these trends say that we should panic that there won't be any jobs left for Americans to do. What this forgets is the reality of scarcity in the world, which implies that there are always and everywhere jobs to do because there are always and everywhere unmet needs. Specialization and the division of labor permits Americans to produce most efficiently in a way that is integral to world demand and not waste time and resources in jobs that can be done more cheaply elsewhere. This does indeed mean a change in world patterns of production, but the market will manage the change with minimum disruption, as it has for the last several hundred years. For the developing world, it means something far more dramatic: a nearly complete abandonment of traditional economic pursuits that were imposed on them by virtue of their previous isolation from the capitalist West. The point is not that their economies are free or have been completely unleashed from the chains of the state. The US and Western Europe, in many respects, remain the most free economies. What matters here is the direction of change. Whereas the US and Europe are increasingly controlled, countries such as China, India, Romania, Poland, Thailand, and many others, are far less controlled than they once were. This has unleashed pent-up human energies and made a fantastic difference in the ability of these people to integrate themselves into the worldwide division of labor. This has meant rising incomes, better diets, less starvation, less disease, better sanitation, falling infant mortality, much longer lifespans, and ever more economic opportunities for work and investment. The fate of these economies has two major links to that of American citizens: in their capacity as consumers, they have a strong interest in seeing it continue, and, as investors, many portfolios of US investors are heavily invested in these emerging economies. The quality of life in these distant lands is increasing in ways that would have been unimaginable even a decade ago, with information technologies made available by the private sector coming into the hands of a new generation that relies on cell phones and high-speed web access, where their parents struggled barely to survive. The lifespan in China alone has risen from 25 years to 65 years in the course of a century. It also means more revenue for the governments of these countries, which, if driven to build up militaries to fend off US political influence, could eventually challenge the supremacy of the US in world public affairs. Again, this is nothing to regret. A world dominated by a single superpower is a gravely dangerous place, especially when that power is irresponsibly managed (and, some would say, is managed by maniacs). A decline in the power, might, and influence of the US is not the same thing as a decline in America; quite the opposite. The only real downside is the transition: the US government may increasingly behave like a dying and rabid animal, posing a danger to its random victims. But once you hear the "thud" of the final fall, the world will be more peaceful and prosperous than ever before. In the meantime, political trends in the US will become increasingly irrelevant, despite appearances. Until recently, Americans thought of themselves as a self-contained people with a nationally bound culture and economy that can be conceptualized and managed in the way that civics texts describe. This is on the verge of being impossible. The managerial class of the regime will continue to pose as experts and top-flight managers, but old assumptions about government are being shredded. Trends on this scale reduce the bellowing of politicians for protection to mere peeps. There is a tendency on the part of everyone to judge a historical moment by our own daily affairs and in relation only to the headlines that dominate the news. Economic analysis takes a much broader view to consider the overall impact of billions of people in many lands over a long period of time. It is through examining these trends that we can see that we are entering into a new world of global economic expansion that will rout any attempt to keep it at bay. Now, clearly, this will not occur without periods of crisis, particularly so long as the world is on a dollar standard and governments are still at work bringing calamity wherever they can. Take a look at where and how the products you use every day are made. Therein lies a remarkable story of the genius of entrepreneurship, the capacity for the world economy to manage itself and overcome ten thousand barriers, and the direction we are headed. It is a world in which consumers and producers from all nations can join hands in praise of the networks that draw them together, and against their common enemy: governments that would stand in the way. To understand the world being recreated before us, we must constantly keep this principle in our mind: trade based on ownership is always and everywhere mutually beneficial. Within the institution of trade—whether on the most local level or the global level—we find the key to peace, prosperity, and human flourishing. If we understand this, we have no reason to fear our fate except to the extent that anyone anywhere dares to interfere. If we understand this, we can see why being led into the future by the political class is something we should neither desire nor expect. _______________________________ Llewellyn H. Rockwell, Jr Sorry, Some Ideas need this long........
What is the price of petrol where you live? dated:08/05/2008? Just curious to what people around the world is paying for this liquid gold... you can convert your currency for the sake of uniformity in this site http://www.x-rates.com/calculator.html Me from India price here is Indian Rupees - Rs.50 - 51 per litre i.e. 1.22$ per litre i.e. 4.62$ per gallon p.s- 1 gallon = 3.78541178 litre me from guwahati(assam) so difference is obvious
Any online currency exchange site i can use? i want to transfer money from Dubai to India. is there any online site that i can use and pay by credit card or something, so to get better rates? thanks. thanks. im not sure that site has what i want. i need to send indian rupees to my account in india. im in dubai. rather than using exchange houses here and crappy rates, i want to pay online and transfer money into my indian account.
Can planning be done for becoming top valued currency - country of the world ;if so in how much period next? " Economic development of India at more faster / but sustainable rate of GDP / and estimated approx. projected time period for becoming India's currency top valued " should be taken as reference for answering the question.
100 Facts (pt. 1)? There are more cars in Southern California than there are cows in India. The two-foot long bird called a Kea that lives in New Zealand likes to eat the strips of rubber around car windows. The province of Alberta, Canada is completely free of rats. Illinois has the most personalized license plates of any state. If a statue in the park of a person on a horse has both front legs in the air, the person died in battle; if the horse has one front leg in the air, the person died as a result of wounds received in battle; if the horse has all four legs on the ground, the person died of natural causes. There are two credit cards for every person in the United States. The international telephone dialing code for Antarctica is 672. The average chocolate bar has 8 insect legs in it. There are 206 bones in the adult human body, but 300 in children (some of the bones fuse together as a child grows). Fleas can jump 130 times higher than their own height. In human terms this is equal to a 6 foot person jumping 780 feet into the air. Snakes are true carnivores as they eat nothing but other animals. They do not eat any type of plant material. There are no poisonous snakes in Maine. The blue whale can produce sounds up to 188 decibels. This is the loudest sound produced by a living animal and has been detected as far away as 530 miles. The human eye blinks an average of 4,200,000 times a year. It takes approximately 12 hours for food to entirely digest. Erosion at the base of Niagara Falls (USA) undermines the shale cliffs and as a result, the falls have receded approximately 7 miles over the last 10,000 years. The longest living cells in the body are brain cells which can live an entire lifetime. The Main Library at Indiana University sinks over an inch every year because when it was built engineers failed to take into account the weight of all the books that would occupy the building. North Dakota has never had an earthquake. Alexander Graham Bell (who invented the telephone) also set a world water-speed record of over seventy miles an hour at the age of 72. There is enough fuel in a full tank of a jumbo jet to drive an average car four times around the world. Hawaii is moving toward Japan 4 inches every year. Chimps are the only animals that can recognize themselves in a mirror. The leg bones of a bat are so thin that no bat can walk. There are more living organisms on the skin of a single human being than there are human beings on the surface of the earth. Ants do not sleep. Marilyn Monroe had six toes on one foot. If you keep a goldfish in the dark room, it will eventually turn white. Women blink nearly twice as much as men. In England, the Speaker of the House is not allowed to speak. Almonds are members of the peach family. Maine is the only state whose name is just one syllable. Americans on the average eat 18 acres of pizza every day. One person in two billion will live to be 116 or older. If you yelled for 8 years, 7 months and 6 days, you would have produced enough sound energy to heat one cup of coffee. February 1865 is the only month in recorded history not to have a full moon. More people are killed by donkeys annually than are killed in plane crashes. Lorne Greene had one of his nipples bitten off by an alligator while he was host of "Lorne Greene's Animal Kingdom". The dot that appears over the letter "i" is called a tittle. All major league baseball umpires must wear black underwear while on the job (in case their pants split). The Spanish word esposa means "wife." The plural, esposas, means "wives," but also "handcuffs." If all Americans used one third less ice in their drinks the United States would become a net exporter instead of an importer of energy. If the Nile River were stretched across the United States, it would run nearly from New York to Los Angeles. San Francisco cable cars are the only National Monuments that move. The Hoover Dam was built to last 2,000 years. Its concrete will not be fully cured for another 500 years. Abraham Lincoln's dog, Fido, was assassinated too. All of David Letterman's suits are custom made - there are no creases in his suit trousers. Cranberry Jell-O is the only flavor that contains real fruit flavoring. Fewer than half of the 16,200 major league baseball players have ever hit a home run. In comic strips, the person on the left always speaks first. Richard Versalle, a tenor performing at New York's Metropolitan Opera House, suffered a heart attack and fell 10 feet from a ladder to the stage just after singing the line "You can only live so long." If the entire population of earth was reduced to exactly 100 people, 51% would be female, 49% male; 50% of the world's currency would be held by 6 people, one person would be nearly dead, one nearly born. In 1920, Babe Ruth out-homered every American League team. Topless saleswomen are legal in Liverpool, England, but only in tropical fish stores. Toxic house plants poison more children than household chemicals. The original name of Bank of America was Bank of Italy. The ant, when intoxicated, will always fall over to its right side. The California Department of Motor Vehicles has issued six driver's licenses to six different people named Jesus Christ. Michael Jordan makes more money from Nike each year than all the Nike factory workers in Malaysia combined. People in China and Japan die disproportionately on the 4th of each month because the words death and four sound alike, and they are represented by the same symbol. Chicago is closer to Moscow than it is to Rio de Janeiro. Dogs have two sets of teeth, just like humans. They first have 30 "puppy" teeth, then 42 adult teeth. In 1950, President Harry Truman threw out the first ball twice at the opening day Washington DC baseball game; once right handed and once left handed. A Swiss ski resort announced it would combat global warming by wrapping its mountain glaciers in aluminum foil to keep them from melting. The chameleon has a tongue that is one and a half times the length of his body. Beethoven dipped his head in cold water before he composed. There once was a town named "6" in West Virginia. Ten years ago, only 500 people in China could ski. This year, an estimated 5,000,000 Chinese will visit ski resorts. In 1920, Babe Ruth broke the single season home run record, with 29. The same year, he became the first major leaguer to hit 30 home runs. The same year, he became the first major leaguer to hit 40 home runs. The same year, he became the first major leaguer to hit 50 home runs. A Nigerian woman was caught entering the UK with 104 kg of snails in her baggage. Profanity is typically cut from in-flight movies to make them suitable for general audiences. Fox Searchlight Pictures has substituted "Ashcroft" for "A**hole" in the movie Sideways when dubbed for Aerolineas Argentinas flights. Author Hunter S. Thompson, who committed suicide recently, wanted to be cremated and his ashes to be shot out of a cannon on his ranch. Sports Illustrated magazine allows subscribers to opt out of receiving the famous swimsuit issue each year. Fewer than 1% choose this option. There is a company that will (for $14,000) take your ashes, compress them into a synthetic diamond to be set in jewelry for a loved one. The RIAA sued an 83 year old woman for downloading music illegally, even though a copy of her death certificate was sent to the RIAA a week before it filed the suit. Two 1903 paintings recently sold at auction for $590,000 - the paintings were in the famous "Dogs Playing Poker" series. Russian scientists have developed a new drug that prolongs drunkenness and enhances intoxication. Romanian firefighters could not get their trucks close enough to a burning building, so they put out the fire by throwing snowballs at it. A perfect SAT score is 1600 combined. Bill Gates scored 1590 on his SAT. Paul Allen, Bill's partner in Microsoft, scored a perfect 1600. Bill Cosby scored less than 500 combined. Motorists traveling outside Salem, Oregon saw one of the "litter cleanup" signs crediting the American Nazi party. Marion County officials had no choice but to let that group into the adopt-a-road program. The $500 per sign was picked up by Oregon taxpayers. The Ku Klux Klan is also involved in the adopt-a-road program in the state of Arkansas. Spam filters that catch the word "cialis" will not allow many work-related e-mails through because that word is embedded inside the word "specialist". McDonald's restaurants will buy 54,000,000 pounds of fresh apples this year. Two years ago, McDonald's purchased 0 pounds of apples. This is attributed to the shift to more healthy menu options (the Apple Pie, which has been at McDonald's for years uses processed Apple Pie Filling). The biggest dog on record was an Old English Mastiff that weighed 343 pounds. He was 8 feet, 3 inches from nose to tail. Mailmen in Russia now carry revolvers after a recent decision by the government. All of Queen Anne's 17 children died before she did. There are over 87,000 Americans on waiting lists for organ transplants. American made parts account for only 1% of the Chrysler Crossfire. 96% of the Ford F-150 Heritage Truck is American. A Dutch court ruled that a bank robber could deduct the 2,000 Euros he paid for his pistol from the 6,600 Euros he has to return to the bank he robbed. Only 6% of the autographs in circulation from members of the Beatles are estimated to be real. The time spent deleting SPAM costs United States businesses $21.6 billion annually. 60.7 percent of eligible voters participated in the 2004 presidential election, the highest percentage in 36 years. However, more than 78 million did not vote. This means President Bush won re-election by receiving votes from less than 31% of all eligible voters in the United States. John Quincy Adams, sixth president of the United States, loved to skinny dip in the Potomac River. La Paz, Bolivia has an average annual temperature below 50 degrees Fahrenheit. However, it has never recorded a zero-degree temperature. Same for Stanley, Falkland Islands and Punta Arenas, Chile. 41% of Chinese people eat at least once a week at a fast food restaurant. 35% of Americans do. A Wisconsin forklift operator for a Miller beer distributor was fired when a picture was published in a newspaper showing him drinking a Bud Light. G-rated family films earn more money than any other rating. Yet only 3% of Hollywood's output is G-rated. Richard Hatch, winner of the first "Survivor" reality series, has been charged with tax evasion for failing to report his $1,000,000 prize. The entire fleet of Unicoi County Tennessee's salt trucks was rendered out of commission in one accident. All three trucks were badly damaged when one of them began skidding down a road, causing a chain reaction accident. Officials blamed road conditions. More people study English in China than speak it in the United States of America (300 million). Fast food provider Hardee's has recently introduced the Monster Thickburger. It has 1,420 calories and 107 grams of fat. Sorry it's so long lol. Something to do right? And yes....PART ONE!!!! More will come....eventually...
I would be grateful to you if you could answer these for me:? 1.) Suppose I have short term capital gain of Rs 30000.00 from shares and my rest of the income for the year is 60000.00, shall I have to pay tax at the rate of 10 % of 30000.00 even if my total earnings (60000.00+30000.00) does not become taxable? Also, what would be the effect if my rest of the income alone is 100000.00 (apart from short term capital gain of 30000.00 from shares) ? 2.) I am working from my home in India (undertaking casual assignments of various types) for some foreign company located in foreign land such as USA or UK or any other countries and they are paying in their currency via bank transfer and my bank is crediting the account after converting into Indian Rupees. What would be the tax implication? Is it taxable or not? Or rebated? Or, is such earnings treated as same as anything earned in India?
Why is the DREAM Act unfair, irresponsible and disastrous if it is adopted? Many leaders of both parties in Congress are pushing for the DREAM Act, which would grant reduced tuition and legal permanent residency to possibly millions of students who have been in the United States illegally. Why is the DREAM Act unfair, irresponsible and disastrous if it is adopted? College tuition has skyrocketed in recent years. Many Americans cannot afford college or have taken out student loans. Should the United States neglect its own citizens and subsidize the education of students who are here illegally? Proponents of the DREAM Act argue that parents of illegal students have paid taxes and that the United States should invest in them. The hard truth is that most illegal workers, due to their low-incomes, do not pay enough taxes to offset the cost of educating their children in American public grade schools. This cost can exceed $9,500 per child per year if the student receives the so-called bilingual education, not to mention the costs of other social services. Furthermore, rewarding illegal foreign nationals can only lead to higher illegal immigration. The misnamed “Immigration Reform and Control Act” of 1986 granted amnesty to 3 million illegal migrants. Presently, we have an estimated 12 to 20 million illegal migrants in the United States, without counting their children born here who are U.S. citizens. There were “1.8 million undocumented children in local school districts” across the United States, according to a report published by Business Week Online April 7, 2006. Billions of bonds in recent years have been passed to fund our schools. Is borrowing into the future a responsible solution? Open border advocates claim that money spent on the Iraq war and taxing wealthy individuals in the United States could generate plenty of resources to pay for costly services provided to foreign-born newcomers and their U.S.-born children. But the impact of exploding immigration-driven population growth is more than fiscal. If we grant amnesty to millions of illegal students, once naturalized, they could petition for their parents and siblings to immigrate to the United States. In addition, they will have children born here. Those newcomers will consume energy and water, like all other residents, thus exacerbating our energy and water shortages. We cannot ignore the political impact of the DREAM Act. Many Hispanic activists pushing for amnesty have publicly stated: “Today, we march. Tomorrow, we vote.” During last year’s massive demonstrations across the United States, many protestors were waving Mexican flags and pressuring the United States with demands identical to Mexico’s. Considering that in recent years, our national elections were very close, it is unlikely that our immigration laws will be seriously enforced in the future if millions of newly naturalized citizens promoting open borders are able to vote in our future elections. Should we allow migration to strongly influence our elections and policies? The U.S. population has quadrupled since 1900, from 76 million to 303 million. In the last 15 years alone, over 50 million people have been added to the United States mostly due to immigration-derived growth! If our population continues to grow at the rate of last decade, by 2100—within the lifetimes of today’s children’s children—the United States will have India’s current population. Do Hispanic legal residents really want the United States to become another Latin America, India or Philippines, the corrupt, overpopulated and impoverished nations that they or their ancestors left? Latin America has 37 billionaires. Why shouldn’t they and other countries work to improve life for their own citizens? Congress must realize that the United States is now the greatest debtor nation in human history, while China holds the world’s largest foreign currency reserves. We owe China $450 billion in federal debt. We also have the highest budget and trade deficits in the world. The Euro, weaker than the dollar 10 years ago, is now worth over $1.40. American students fall behind their counterparts in many countries in Asia due in part to an explosion of immigration-related enrollments: Many grade schools are overwhelmed with children speaking little to no English. Can this country remain prosperous if we have a growing semi-literate student population? Nationwide, over 75 percent of our adult cash welfare recipients are 20 to 39 years old. Some growers in Idaho and Colorado are using non-violent prisoners to replace illegal migrants. Isn’t it in the interests of Hispanic and other Americans to oppose the DREAM Act and other amnesty proposals, and to demand that our immigration laws be enforced as strictly as Mexico so that we can put all adult able-bodied welfare recipients and non-violent prison inmates to fill positions currently held by illegal migrants?
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